第二百五十章 科举制度的优劣
ͬʱ??Ҫ˵?????????????ԡ?????ͷ?????ǿ??˹??ġ? ???ܷ??У???Ҫȡ???ڰ˹??ĵ????ӡ? ???ԣ???ʱһ??Ķ??????????ѱ??????????ڰ˹????ϣ???????ʱ??ȥר???????????Դ?ҿ??Կ???????????ʫ?ʷ???ijɾͣ???ҪԶԶ?ĵ????????ˡ? ??Ϊ?˹????????顢?徭?е??ľ?????Ŀ??ֻ????????????????е??????? ???Ҫ?ù?????????????ν??ʥ?????ԡ? ??ʽҲ???????ṹ??һ????ʽ????????һ?????ƣ??䷨Ҫ???ż?? ?˹???Ҳ?????塢???ա?ʱ?ġ?ʱ?ա??˱??ġ??????ġ? ?˹??ļ??ð˸???ż??ɵ????£?һ???Ϊ???Ρ? ???????⣬??????⣬Ȼ?????Ϊʲô??ν֮??Դ?? ?˹??ĵ???Ҫ???֣?????ɡ??йɡ???ɡ??????ĸ????䣬ÿ????????????Ρ? ƪĩ?ô?ᣬ?Ƹ??մ?ᡣ ?˹????????δ??ľ????ݱ???ɡ? Ҳ??????ˣ??˹??ĵ?Σ?????????????????ǵ?˼?룬??ά???⽨ר???εĹ??ߣ?ͬ??Ҳ?ѿƾٿ????ƶȱ????????·?? ??????ĩ???????ѧ?߹?????????߿???˵?????˹?ʢ????????????ʮ?˷??˶???ʮһʷ?ϡ?????˵????????Ϊ?˹?֮???????ڷ??顣?? ???????????? ???˺?????峯?Ļ?????Ϊ??????ƣ??????峯?Ŀƾ??ƶ?????????????ͬ????ô˵???ܲ?̫?????????Ը???Ҹ??ӼĽ???һ?£??Ǿ????????????һ???????????????峯????ͨ??ͥ?ӵܣ????????ͷ?صĻ???????ô???أ? ?ܼ??Ǿ??Ƕ???μӿƾ٣????ȵ?һ????????Ҫȥ?μ?????Ŀ??ԣ???????????ؿ????? ????ؿ??????˵Ļ????Ǿ??ǵڶ????ˣ?Ҳ??????????????ȥ?μ?????Ŀ??ԡ? ??????Ҫ˵?????峯??ʱ??û?С??С????˵??????ʱ???С??????????????г????????֪?????? ????????Ŀ??Խ????????????? ???????Ҳͨ???ˣ???ô??ϲ?㣬Ҳ????С?гɾ??ˣ????????????ǵ??????ˣ?֪?????ϱ?ͨ???????????ߵĿ???????????????ɽ?????????Ա??Ҳ???ǡ?ѧ??????֯?ԡ?????Ϊ??λ?ġ?Ժ?????? ?????Ժ??Ҳͨ???ˣ???ô???ӹ?ϲ?㣬?ӽ??Ժ?????????϶???֪ʶ?????ˣ?????????Ա????Ҳ???Ǵӽ??Ժ?????Գ?Ϊ????š??ˡ? ͬʱ????????Ժ?????????????·????ѡ?? ??һ??·???Dz???Ҫ?????ˣ???ô?ұ???μӳ?͢??֯??ÿ????һ?ε?????ʸ??ԡ??꿼???? ???꿼??????????š???ͷ?ξͻᱻ???ᡣ ????֮??ڶ???·???Ǽ?????ȡ????????Ҫ???????ˡ?????ô?ұ???μӸ?һ???ľ??˱??????ԡ??ƿ????? ?????ƿ??????ˣ????ܼ????μ?ʡһ???ľ????ʸ??ԡ????ԡ??? ֻҪ??ͨ?????꿼???͡??ƿ???????ţ???͢?ͻᷢ????????????????û?а??ˡ? ͬʱ??Ҫ˵???????ƿ????гɼ???õĿ????????????????????ǿ?????͢?Ƽ????˲ţ?Ҳ?;߱?????С?ٵ??ʸ? ?Ź?һ?ȿ??????س???֪?أ???ѡ?ˣ?????Ҳ???????ؽ????ֳ???ѵ???????ʸ? ????ÿ??????ʡ?Ǿ???һ?Σ??μ???????Լ??100?????ң??????˾??ǡ????ˡ????Ե?һ??????????Ԫ???? ???Լ????ˣ?Ҳ???ܲμӳ?͢??֯??ȫ???Կ??ԡ????ԡ??? ????Ҳ??ÿ???????һ?Σ?ʱ???????ԵĴ??꣬?ص??????????? ?????ԡ???һ??????????Ԫ???? ??????Լ????ˣ??Ǿ???ֵ???????ˣ???Ϊ?ܲμ????յĿ??ԡ????ԡ??ˡ? ????Ҳ???ڱ???????ͨ?????ڹʹ?̫?͵?ɻʵ????????֡? ???Լ????ˣ????㿼???ˣ??ӽ??Ժ???ܽ???????ʿ???ˡ? ??ʿ???ճɼ?????Ϊ???ȣ??ֱ???һ?ס????ס????ס? һ????ǰ??????״Ԫ?????ۺ?̽???? ǰ?????ɻʵ????Զ??????ٰѲμӵ??ԵĿ?????Լѡ??ʮ?ݣ??͵??ʵ???ǰ???ɻʵ?????ǰ???????????һ??????״Ԫ???ڶ????ǰ??ۣ?????????̽???? ???ž??Ǽ?æ?峯?Ŀƾ??????ˣ????ŵ?ȷ?????????࣬??????Ҫ˵??????Ȼ???Ų?࣬????ʵ?ʹ????У????Ǻ??в??ġ? ????????һֱ?᳹???????????????ߡ? Ҳ????????????????????Ȩ?????ٲ??ؾ????ƾ?;???? ????ƾ???Ӻ??ǰ??????????ȡʿ???????????ԡ??????ж?????????????أ?ֻ??????һƪ???Ʒ???ơ? ͬʱ?????ͨ??????ѡ?ξ??ˣ???ȡ?Ŵ?????١?֮?塣 ????١?һ????ڡ?????????????͢?ƾ????ܡ? ????????ƶȾ?Т????????ѧ?????????е??ȣ???????٣????辭?????ԡ? ?ƾ??ƶȽ??????????ͨ?????ԣ??????չ??Ϊ?????ƶȡ? ????ʿ??ͨ?????Ժ?ȡ??һ???????Թ????????????ˣ??ɰ????????ڲμ????ԡ? ?????????Ҳ??????һ?ƣ?Ҳ???Ƿ??ӡ??硢î???Ͼ??У??????ơ? ???ʵ????١??ǻ?????䣬????һ?Σ??ƶ??ơ? ??????֮???ʷ?????֮?꣬???????????Ϊ???ƣ?ԭ???Ƹ??ڴ?ǰ??˺?һ????С? ??????????????֮?ƣ???????֮????ƴ??֮?ꡣ ?????ڰ??¾??У???Ի???ǣ????Է????????С? ?Գ??š?ʮ????ʮ????Ϊ????????????ÿ??????ǰһ???볡????һ?ճ????? ???????ݣ?˳?γ???涨??һ?????????顷???徭?????ð˹??ģ?ν֮???壬??????ա?ʱ?ա?ʱ??;?ڶ???????һƪ?????????گ??ھ????????һ??;????????????ʷ??ʱ???????? Ǭ¡??ʮ????ĵ?һ?????????顷????ƪ????????ʫһ?ף??ڶ???????????ƪ;?????????????????????????Ϊ??ʷ??ʱ?????Ρ? ˳?????Եġ????顷???????ʫ???ɻʵ????????????????????????ͬ????Ա????;??ʡ???Ծ??????????⡣ ??????Կ???????˳?츮??ʡ?? ˳????????Ʊ??ǣ??ο?????????????:һΪֱ???????졢?Ⱥӵ?ʡ???Լ????ɺ???????Ա??????????;??Ϊ??ʡ?Ĺ?????????????ʡ???Եص???ʡ?ǣ??ο???Ϊ??ʡ????Ա?? ??????Կ????ƹ?Ժ?????ڹ?Ժ?Ľ????ṹ????ĩ?׳???1904?꣩?ƽ?ʿ?????????????????ڡ?????ƾٿ?????¼?????й??????? ˳?칱Ժ???ھ?ʦ???????ڶ??Ͻǣ?????ǰ??һ?????쿪???ˡ????Ʒ??????????ʡ??Ժ??????ͬ?? ??ʡ??Ժ??????ʡ?Ƕ??ϣ???Ժ????????????????Ժ??ī???Ҷ???Ŷ????????????????ֱ??顰????ȡʿ???͡?Ϊ?????͡??? ??Ժ??????Ϊ??????????ԯ?ţ????ŷ??С????????š? ?????ź?Ϊ???ţ???????ƽ?????ţ?ȡ??????-???顷???????š??????Ϳ?֮?塣 ????ֱ??Ϊ?????ã??Ǽ??ٺ??????ٵİ칫???????????ź????????м䣬??һ¥???ʣ???Ի??Զ¥???Ӹ????£?ȫ??????????һ?????ࡣ ???ٵȹ?Ա?ɵ?¥??????????ʿ??????˽????????ִ????Ա????Ϊ????֮?ס? ??????????????һ???ɺ??ţ????ż?Ϊ?????š? ?????ĺ????????????ͷ??ٰ칫?ľ??ij????? ???š???Զ¥??????ʿ?ӿ??Եĺ??ᣬ???????϶????????ţ?ÿ????ʮ?????????ټ䣬˳???ijЩ??ʡ??Ժ?ĺ????????ɴ?????䣬??СʡҲ????ǧ?䡣 ??Ժ????Χǽ??徣?????ĽǸ???һ¥????Ϊ???? ?????ڼ䣬??Ժ?????ɾ??ӷֶ?פ??Ѳ?ߡ? ??????Գ??漫?ϣ?????ǰ???Ժ??ڡ????⣬???????????ʿ?Ӽд????????ϣ?????ʱ?????ϸ??Ѽ졣 Ϊ??ֹ?д????涨ʿ?ӱ??봩????·???????Ь?࣬Ƥ?²??????棬ձ̺??????? ??ֹЯ??ľ??ľ?С?˫???ʡ?װ?ޱ??죬??̨???????ʹ????οգ???̨?????ͨ?ף???????Ķ?Ҫ?п??? ?Ͻ????ٽ?ͨ???У??????ؽڣ??Ͻ?ʿ????Ա??Эͬ???ף?Υ?????ϴ??? 1858?꣬˳?????Է?????װ????????١?Э???ѧʿ????????ն????ʮ????Ա??ʿ???ܵ????????????ڵ????ش????? ??????ԵĿ???Ϊ??????????ÿʡ??һ?ˣ??????˳?????Եĸ?????Ϊ???ˣ??????????⡢?ľ???¼ȡ?? ???????????ɻʵ???????ţ?ר?ú??ֽ?ʿ?????Ĺ?Ա?? ????˳????????һ????Ʒ??Ա??????ʡ?????ɡ??ڸ?ѧʿ??????Ժ??ղ?¸??Ͷ???Ժ?Ĺ?Ա?? ???????????⣬??ʡ???Ի?????ͬ???ٰ????ľ???ͬ????Ҳ?ơ????١?????ʡ8??18?˲??ȡ? ˳?????Ե?ͬ????????ͬ????ѡ?ÿƼ׳????Ĺ?Ա???Σ???ʡ???Ե?ͬ?????ɵ??????ԡ????١??Ķ?????ѡ??ר????ʡ?ӽ?????????????ڼ???ʿ?????ˡ? ?????١??????졢???㿼?????? ˳????????˳?츮??Ϊ?????٣????ö???Ʒ????Ϊ??????;??ʡ??????Ѳ?????ܶ?Ϊ???١????⣬???Ի?????ԡ?????????ٵ???Ա????????????? ʿ????ī???????ԭ????ī?????????????????ַ???Ա???????????????ַ⡣ Ϊ?????ٱ??Ͽ????ʼ?֮?ף????ַ???ī????Ž???¼??Ա????ɰ??¼????????? ????ܱϺ??Զ???Ա??ī??У?????ֱ??⣬ī????????????????????????ľ??????????????ĸ???????????ͷ??Ϊ?????ĺ??ϵڶ???????????????????ã?ȡ???ж ?Ű?֮?գ?????ʽ?????ŵ?ȡī???????ڿ??⣬??д???????Ű??? ???ԷŰ???ʡ?Ծ??????飬??ĥ???? ????δ??֮????????δȡ֮??????Ի?????Ҳ???Լ?????Ժ??????? Ǭ¡?䣬??ʱ?????ѧ??????ʽ???˽??и??ԣ???????Ϊ???ƣ???????????ԡ? ??????????ж??ʡ??Ѳ?һ?????ķ?֮???¡??˿?֮??ѡ?????֮???ض????? ??Ǭ¡??乲ȡ1200??????????????ȡ???߳ƾ??ˣ?????ÿ????????ȡ????һ??????Ƹ????? ?Ű?֮???ھ??£???һ???ƽ?Ԫ??˳?????ԵĽ?Ԫ??Ϊֱ???ˡ? ????????ھ??·Ű?ѡ????????֧???Գ???????????????ȡ??????֮?⡣ ????ʱֵ?＾????ʢ????????Ҳ?ƹ? ?Ű?ʱ???????????????١????١?????????Ե??뼯???ã???ī???ַ??ʵ??ʽ???????????ᣬ??ʵ??????????????????д???? ???ɵ?????д??ĩ??д???????дǰ???????ɵ???????д????һ????ν֮???徭?????? ??????ˣ?ʱ????ҹ??????????ȼ??컨??????????һ???ټ???????һ?????ڸ÷??ٰ?ǰ???Ա??????? ?????????????ظߣ?Ի??????? ?徭????д??Ϻ???д???? ȫ????д??ϣ??????ļӸ?˳?츮????ʡ?????ط??????ԻƳ???????ڹ??????̱????Ļ????£??͵?˳?츮??????ʡ????ʹ˾??Ѳ????ǰ?Źҡ? ????ڶ??죬?ڸ?ʡѲ?????ž??С?¹???硱?????????????١?ѧ?????????ٺ??¿ƾ??˲μӡ? ?¿ƾ????˼??????????١?ѧ???????٣?Ȼ?????????????磬???ࡶʫ?????еġ?¹????֮?£????????衣 ?¿ƾ??˵?һ???ƽ?Ԫ???ڶ???????Ԫ?????????ġ??????ƾ??????????????ǿ?????????Ŀ??????ɹ??Ұ??20???Ʒ????Ͷ?????ñ?Ҷ ?Ҷ?????סլ????֮?ϣ???ǰ?????????Ʒ??? ?¿ƾ??˵ڶ??꼴?ɸ????μ????ԣ?????һ?ƻ????Ʋ??У?Ҳ???Ծ????????ġ???ѡ???????????εͼ???Ա?? ???? ???? ????